Research related to materials and structures has been carried out for thousands of years. Development of new materials leads to new form of structures. For example, development of metals that are strong in tension led to creation of beams and cable-stayed structures. Invention of new analytical techniques such as finite element methods improved the analysis and strength prediction capability, resulting in more efficient structures both in terms of weight and cost. Currently the most common construction materials are concrete and mild steel. In both cases, researchers are looking for leapfrog innovations to improve the durability. In the case of aerospace, automobile, and navel structures: the search continues for materials and material combinations that can improve specific strength, specific stiffness and high temperature resistance, without compromising durability and safety. In all cases, researchers are looking for sustainable and recyclable materials, thus protecting the environment. Increase in speed of computers is being effectively utilized for rapid analysis and design including the use of graphics for presentation of results.

Combination of materials to achieve specific purpose seems to provide best results. For example, light weight timber and high strength fibers provides a very high specific strength. Functionally graded materials are being evaluated to obtain optimum strength, durability and insulation. Small volume fractions of nano particles and fibers have been successfully used to improve the stiffness of low modulus polymers substantially. The presentation will focus on the recent innovations and promising future directions.