Prof. Paulino and Tuo Zhao make the cover of PNAS. See the journal paper here.

Prof. Paulino and Kevin Liu's cover photo got selected to make the cover of the Proceedings of the Royal Society A journal. See the journal paper here.

Prof. Paulino and the Council on Science and Technology (CST) host an Origami Engineering Workshop at Princeton University. The workshop includes hands-on folding excercises with a provided dinner. All students, faculty and staff are welcome at this annual event. See link for more information.

Prof. Paulino serves at ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition as Topic Chair of three topics: Advances in Topology Optimization, Multi-scale Computations in Fliuds, Structures, and Materials and Functional Origami and Kirigami-inspired Structures and Metamaterials.

Prof. Paulino delivered pretigious Eringen plenary lecture at the Society of Engineering Science conference on Webnesday October 11th, 2023. See link for more details.

Prof. Paulino was awarded the A.C. Eringen Medal for sustained outstanding contributions in geometric mechanics associated with origami and tensegrity engineering. This prize is awarded in recognition of sustained outstanding achievments in Engineering Science.

Prof. Paulino was a panelist for the Vol. 157 iCANX Talk on Progress on Origami Engineering which took place on August 18th.

Prof. Paulino gave the opening plenary lecture at the third International Conference on Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures ICMAMS, which was held at Texas A&M University, August 9-10, 2023.

Prof. Paulino serves on the organizing committee for the Physics of Morphing Matter Workshop hosted by the Princeton Center for Theoretical Sciences. The workshop will occur during December 12-14 with free but required registration, see more information here.

Prof. Diego Misseroni is selected winner of the Extreme Mechanics Letters (EML) Young Investigator Award (YIA) which recognizes achievments in research and contributions to EML. The reward was given in recognition of his journal titled, "Experimental realization of tunable Poisson's ratio in deployable origami metamaterials" as can be found here.

Prof. Paulino was invited to give a distinguished lecture at NC state university on September 9th titled, "Origami Engineering: Structures, Materials, and Robots". The talk will cover the geometric mechanics of origami assemblages and investigate how geometry affects behavior and properties.

Prof. Paulino, Prof. Sanders, and Fernando V. Senhora have had their publication, Optimally-Tailored Spinodal Architected Materials for Multiscale Design and Manufacturing, selected to be on the front cover of the Advanced Materials journal Volume 34, Issue 26.

Prof. Paulino and co-authors Ke Liu and Tomohiro Tachi have been selected to recieve the 2022 Melville Medalwill for the paper titled “Bio-Inspired Origami Metamaterials With Metastable Phases Through Mechanical Phase Transitions" on May 12, 2022. The ASME Melville Medal was established in 1914 in honor of George Wallace Melville, Honorary Member and eighteenth president of ASME. It is awarded for the best original technical paper published in ASME transactions in the past two years.

Prof. Paulino served on the organizing committee for the NSF sponsored workshop, Architected Metamaterials for Civil Infrastructure, held on May 23-25, 2022 at the UMass Amherst campus. The workshop's aim was to bring together researchers and industrial professionals from the communities of advanced manufacturing, materials, geotechnical and structural engineering, construction and design to identify research opportunities in architected metamaterials. See more information here.

This special issue celebrates Professor Paulino’s pioneering contributions to the field of mechanics, particularly advances in geometric mechanics associated with origami and tensegrity engineering that led to the creation of multifunctional structures and configurational metamaterials with unprecedented properties. The special issue assembles contributions from leaders in the fields on the mechanics of materials and structures with emphasis on metamaterials, optimization, and computational design.

A conference, Emerging Topics in Mechanics, was held in honor of the 60th anniversary of Professor Yonggang Huang on March 23-25, 2022 in Houston, Texas. Prof. Paulino gave a talk as well as former group member Prof. Xiaojia Zhang alongside other esteemed peers in the field.

Prof. Paulino and Prof. Emily D. Sanders presented at the Princeton Institute of Materials Symposium: An Incubator for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology Innovation on April 6th 2022. Prof. Paulino held a talk on metamaterials and Prof. Emily D. Sanders was a panelist on the advanced manufacturing session. See the PRISM article story here.

Former research group member Larissa Novelino will join the department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Rice University as an Assistant Professor in the Fall of 2023.

Former research group member Prof. Emily D. Sanders joined the faculty of George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering at the Georgia Institute of Technology as an Assistant Professor in January 2022.

Prof. Paulino and his research group held an Origami Engineering Workshop to engage and excite the students of Princeton University of this research field and to promote the course Origami Engineering offered in the Fall of 2022. For more information please see the promotional poster. View poster.

Prof. Paulino was elected to the National Academy of Engineering on February 9th, 2021 for contributions to topology optimization and its applications to medicine and engineering. View the full list of new members. View the article from the College of Engineering and the article from the School of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Georgia Tech.

Prof. Paulino will join the Executive Committee of the ASME Applied Mechanics Division (AMD) effective July 1, 2020. The committee was founded by Timoshenko in 1927. Timoshenko was Prof. Paulino's academic great-grandfather. That is, he was the advisor of the advisor of Prof. Paulino's advisor. More info on the AMD.

Prof. Paulino was awarded the 2020 JN Reddy Medal "for pioneering contributions to theoretical and computational mechanics leading to advances in mimetic inspired methods (Virtual Element Method, VEM), topology optimization, and geometric mechanics associated to origami engineering including configurational metamaterials and reconfigurable structural systems." The medal will be awarded at the banquet of the 3rd International Conference on Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures at Texas A&M University, College Station, on March 27, 2021. Read article from CEE at Georgia Tech.

Prof. Paulino and former group member, Evgueni Filipov's, paper entitled Deployable Sandwich Surfaces with High Out-of-PLane Stiffness, written in collaboration with University of Tokyo's Tomohiro Tachi, was awarded ASCE's 2019 Best Paper Award in Analysis and Computation.

Prof. Paulino was awarded the Daniel C. Drucker Medal for "pioneering contributions to the field of mechanics, particularly advances in geometric mechanics associated with origami and tensegrity engineering that lead to the creation of multifunctional structures and configurational metamaterials with unprecedented properties." The medal will be awarded during the 2020 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition (IMECE) virtual conference from November 16-19, 2020. View article from Georgia Tech CEE.

Prof. Paulino was elected Vice President of Georgia Tech's chapter of Sigma Xi, The Scientific Research Society, founded in 1886 at Cornell University as the honor society of scientists and engineers that recognizes scientific achievement.

Prof. Paulino and research group member Oliver Giraldo-Londoño's paper on thermomechanical topology optimization with applications in additive manufacturing, written in collaboration with Siemens' Lucia Mirabella and Livio Dalloro, was the most downloaded article in Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering on May 1, 2020.

Research group member, Emily Alcazar, was featured in an article by Georgia Tech's College of Engineering. The article, entitled "The Intersection of Skyscrapers and Trees," discusses Emily's recent NSF Graduate Research Fellowship award and the research she is pursuing in structural and topology optimization.

Prof. Paulino was invited as a distinguished plenary speaker at the 16th U.S. National Congress on Computational Mechanics (USNCCM) to be held in Chicago in July 2021.

Research group member Ke Liu received an award for "Best PhD Thesis" by Georgia Tech's chapter of Sigma Xi.

Prof. Paulino's research group held their weekly group meeting at Gibb's Gardens on July 10, 2020.

Research group member Oliver Giraldo-Londoño will join the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at the University of Missouri as an Assistant Professor in November 2020.

A recent paper titled "A unified approach for topology optimization with local stress constraints considering several failure criteria" by Prof. Paulino and research group member, Oliver Giraldo-Londoño, made the cover of Proceedings of the Royal Society A. View cover image.

Prof. Paulino will deliver a plenary lecture at the 3rd International Conference on Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures (ICMAMS 2020) being held August 11-13, 2020 in College Station, Texas. View full list of plenary speakers.

Prof. Paulino was awarded the Raymond D. Mindlin Medal by the Engineering Mechanics Institute (EMI) of ASCE. In 2002, Prof. Paulino wrote a paper on strain gradient theory that was based on Mindlin's work. View 2020 EMI award recipients. View article from Georgia Tech.

Research group member, Emily Alcazar, was awarded a fellowship from the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program (NSF GRFP), which "recognizes and supports outstanding graduate students" through three years of financial support, intellectual freedom in their research, and opportunities for international research and professional development.

Prof. Paulino was awarded the Student Recognition of Excellence in Teaching: Class of 1934 Award by Georgia Tech's Center for Teaching and Learning due to high ratings provided by students of his 2019 Origami Engineering course. He will be recognized at Georgia Tech's Celebrating Teaching Day on March 10, 2020. View article .

Prof. Paulino delivered a graduate seminar at Johns Hopkins Whiting School of Engineering on February 20, 2020.

The 16th International Symposium on Functionally Graded Materials (FGM2021) will be held at the University of Connecticut on August 8-11, 2021. View brochure.

Prof. Paulino's Origami Engineering course was highlighted by the College of Engineering's 2018-2019 "Year In Review" as an example of "teaching through innovation." View flyer.

Undergraduate student, Tynan Purdy, put together an "Origami Story Book" about his experience in Prof. Paulino's Origami Engineering course. View book.

Prof. Paulino was awarded the CEE Senior Faculty Teaching Award at the CEE Annual Awards Ceremony on December 12, 2019 at Georgia Tech. View photo of the award.

Prof. Paulino delivered an invited keynote lecture entitled "Geometric Mechanics of Origami Patterns Exhibiting Poisson’s Ratio Switch by Breaking Crease Assignment" on October 15, 2019 at the Society of Engineering Sciences (SES) Conference in the Prager Medal Symposium in honor of the 2019 medalist, Dr. Horacio Espinosa.

Prof. Paulino delivered a seminar entitled "Origami engineering: The interplay between geometry and mechanics" at Princeton University on October 2, 2019. View tweet.

Research group members Larissa Novelino and Emily Sanders traveled to Silver Spring, Maryland on September 15, 2019 to lead origami activities at FutureFest 2019.

Research group members Heng Chi, Yang Jiang, Emily Sanders, Yipin Si, Tuo Zhao, and Prof. Paulino attended the World Congress on Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization (WCSMO13) in Beijing, China on May 20-24, 2019. View the group photo.

ASCE President Elect, Guna Gunalan, visited Prof. Paulino's lab on August 23, 2019 with six members of the Georgia ASCE Board to learn about our recent research work on topology optimization and origami engineering. View the group photo.

Project ENGAGES scholar, Damoli McIntyre, was awarded first place at the program's summer celebration on July 26, 2019 for her presentation about how the 3D printing process affects the strength and stiffness of 3D printed parts. Damoli is a rising senior at Coretta Scott King Young Women's Leadership Academy and has been working in Prof. Paulino's lab under the mentorship of Emily Sanders since June 2018.

Prof. Paulino was elected a Fellow of the Americal Society of Mechanical Engineering (ASME) in March 2019. View the certificate and read the news article from the School of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Georgia Tech.

Research group member, Tuo Zhao, was awarded the 2019 Institute-wide Graduate Teaching Assitant of the Year Award for his work in CEE4803, Origami Engineering. View the award and check.

Prof. Paulino delivered a seminar entitled "Origami engineering: The interplay between geometry and mechanics" at Rice University on April 12, 2019.

Research group member, Larissa Novelino, traveled to Japan to attend the Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Workshop on Origami and Depolyable Mechanisms from May 28-31, 2019.

Prof. Paulino delivered the opening plenary lecture at the 2019 Congress on Numerical Methods in Engineering (CMN2019) that was held at the University of Minho in Guimarães, Portugal from July 1 - 3, 2019.

Prof. Paulino delivered a selected lecture entitled "Origami engineering: configurational metastructures and metamaterials" at the 2019 International Workshop on Multiscale Innovative Materials and Structures (MIMS19), which was held in Cetara, Amalfi Coast, Italy from Feb. 28 - Mar. 2, 2019.

Research group member, Tuo Zhao, served as the teaching assistant for CEE4803, Origami Engineering, and was recognized by his students through the "Thank A Teacher Program" of Georgia Tech's Center for Teaching and Learning. View the award, which highlights Tuo's "teaching style and dedication to helping students learn".

Research that demonstrates the use of origami for tunable radio frequency filters was featured by Georgia Tech Research Horizons.

Research group member Ke Liu, successfully defended his dissertation titled "Origami and Tensegrity: Structures and Metamaterials" on Wednesday December 5, 2018 at 5:00pm in room 3132 of the Mason Building at Georgia Institute of Technology.

Research group member Xiaojia Shelly Zhang was selected for the 2018 Best PhD Thesis Award by the School of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Georgia Tech.

Research group member Xiaojia Shelly Zhang joined the Civil and Environmental Engineering Department at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign as an Assistant Professor in January 2019.

Recent research that demonstrates the use of Direct Light Processing (DLP) for 3D printing origami structures as a single piece was featured by Georgia Tech Research Horizons.

Research group member Emily Sanders, was awarded the Lawrence McDowell Fellowship 2018 from the School of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Georgia Tech.

The active tensegrity research paper published in Nature Scientific Reports appeared in the journal's "Top 100 in Materials Science". The papers in the collection were the most highly accessed materials science articles in 2017.

Research group member Heng Chi, successfully defended his dissertation titled "Virtual Elements and Barycentric Finite Elements in Computational Mechanics" on Friday September 21, 2018 at 1:00pm in room 122 of the Sustainable Education Building (SEB) at Georgia Institute of Technology.

Prof. Paulino and research group members, Heng Chi, Oliver Giraldo-Londoño, Yang Jiang, and Fernando Senhora traveled with Georgia Tech collaborator, Yuyu Zhang of Computer Science, to Princeton, NJ on August 27, 2018 to visit Siemens. The meeting kicked off a newly-established collaboration between the two groups. Take a look at the group photo.

Research group member Xiaojia Shelly Zhang, successfully defended her dissertation titled "Topology Optimization with Multiple Materials, Multiple Constraints, and Multiple Load Cases" on Monday July 30th, 2018 at 1:30pm in room 122 of the Sustainable Education Building (SEB) at Georgia Institute of Technology. The defense was followed by a celebration dinner.

Prof. Paulino delivered an invited lecture at the Army Research Office (ARO) Workshop on "META-STRUCTURES: Dynamics, Topology and Related Opportunities." The event was held in Atlanta, GA on May 16-18, 2018.

Prof. Paulino's Origami Engineering class was featured in Georgia Tech's Daily Digest.

Prof. Paulino's group participated in the Siemens FutureMakers Challenge at Georgia Tech on May 4-5, 2018. The group, in collaboration with one Computer Science and one Physics PhD student from Georgia Tech, entered three teams and took home 1st (Heng Chi - team leader, Yang Jiang, Emily Sanders, Yuyu Zhang) and 3rd (Ke Liu, Larissa Novelino, Kyoungsoo Park, Shelly Zhang - team leader) place. The 1st place team will receive a 6-month Siemens Corporate Technology-Sponsored project ($140K). News release from FOX 5. News release from CEE.

Prof. Paulino delivered a lecture in Origami Engineering in the Theoretical and Applied Mechnics Program department at Northwestern University on April 26, 2018.

Prof. Paulino won Sigma Xi's top award for faculty research published in 2017. The Best Faculty paper goes to an outstanding piece of research presented in the previous year. Prof. Paulino won with Prof. Jerry Qi for their work on printing 4-D structures using a structural concept called tensegrity. News release from CEE.

Prof. Paulino is one of four Professors in the School of Civil and Environmental Engineering to win a Class of 1940 Course Survey Teaching Effectiveness Award for 2017 based on ratings from their students on communicating course material and helping them learn. News release from CEE.

Research group member Emily Sanders was one of 50 students selected to attend the ComSciCon-Atlanta Workshop in March 2018. The workshop aimed to "empower future leaders in technical communication to share results from their research...to broad and diverse audiences..."

Research group member Tuo Zhao was selected as winner of the prestigious American Concrete Institute Georgia Chapter LaGrit F. "Sam" Morris Student Scholarship on December 21, 2017.

The students in Prof. Paulino's Origami Engineering course are visiting Japan from Dec. 15 to Dec. 22, 2017 as part of the global engineering leadership program at Georgia Tech. The trip includes cultural activities, lectures, and interactions with local students and professors studying origami. More info: Itinerary, Workshop, Lectures.

The students in Prof. Paulino's Origami Engineering course showcased their semester projects in Mason lobby on December 14, 2017. The diverse projects included deployable temporary shelters for disaster relief, layer jamming for stiffened origami structures, origami that deforms when heated, and many more. Check out some of the projects posted by GT's School of Civil and Environmental Engineering.

Professor Glaucio H. Paulino delivered a lecture titled "Origami engineering: from deployable structures to configurational metamaterials" in the Graduate Aerospace Laboratories of the California Institute of Technology (GALCIT) Colloquium Series at Caltech on December 1, 2017.

Professor Glaucio H. Paulino delivered the Opening Plenary Lecture at The Second International Workshop on Origami Engineering, which aimed to bring leading academic researchers together to exchange experiences and research on all aspects of origami and its applications in science and engineering. The workshop took place at Tianjin University, Tianjin, China on November 6-8, 2017.

Professor Glaucio H. Paulino and research group member and Melosh Medalist, Heng Chi, co-authored a chapter in the new book Generalized Barycentric Coordinates in Computer Graphics and Computational Mechanics, which is set for release from CRC Press on October 30, 2017.

Professor Glaucio H. Paulino and research group member Ke Liu developed the MERLIN software to analyze origami structures under large global displacements. The work was published in Proceedings of the Royal Society A on October 11, 2017. Details and press releases....

Professor Paulino was elected Vice-President of the Society of Engineering Science during the year 2017 and President during the year 2018.

Prof. Paulino was elected a Fellow of the Engineering Mechanics Institute (EMI) on May 1, 2017.

Research group member Heng Chi won the 28th Annual Robert J. Melosh Medal Competition for the Best Student Paper on Finite Element Analysis on April 28, 2017. His paper was selected in phase 1 as one of six finalists. In phase 2, the six were invited to a full-day symposium at Duke University to present their work in front of a distinguished panel of judges who selected Heng as the 28th Annual Melosh Medalist.

Prof. Paulino was the 2017 Southwest Mechanics Lecture Series (SWMLS) speaker for the 2016/2017 academic year. As part of the SWMLS, Prof. Paulino delivered lectures at University of Texas at Austin on April 4, Texas A&M University on April 5, and University of Houston on April 6, 2017.

Prof. Paulino delivered an invited lecture at the grand opening of the Mizzou Asphalt Pavement and Innovation Laboratory (MAPIL) at the University of Missouri - Columbia on March 27, 2017. View the Laboratory Grand Opening and Asphalt Research Symposium agenda.

Professor Paulino was awarded the "Shimizu Vsiting Professor" position at Stanford University during the Autumn Quarter, 2016. As part of the award, two GATech students also joined him at Stanford: Emily Daniels and Tuo Zhao.

Professor Paulino received the "Sustained Research Award" from the Georgia Tech School of Civil and Environmental Engineering during its annual awards ceremony on November 14, 2016.

Professor Paulino and Professor E.C.N. Silva were Guest Editors of the 2016 Special Issue of Mechanics Research Communications "Multiscale, Multifunctional and Functionally Graded Materials" (MM&FGMs). Special Issue

Professor Paulino was a Guest Editor of the Special Issue of Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization dedicated to the founding Editor George Rozvany.

Professor Paulino joined the Editorial Board of the Journal of Sustainable and Reslient Infrastructure.

Research group member Evgueni T. Filipov, successfully defended his dissertation titled "Tailoring the Stiffness of Deployable Origami Structures" on Friday October 28th, 2016 at 2:30pm in 2240 DCL (Digital Computer Laboratory), UIUC.

Prof. Paulino joined the 2016 "Sci Foo" Camp, a gathering organized by Google, O'Reilly Media, and Digital Science, with support from Nature. Sci Foo takes place at the Googleplex in Mountain View, CA.
Additional Information. Sci Foo 2010 (YouTube).

Former research group member Tomás Zegard will join the Department of Structural and Geotechnical Engineering at the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile as a full-time faculty member in December 2016.

Research group member Junho Chun, successfully defended his dissertation titled "Reliability-based topology optimization frameworks for the design of structures subjected to random excitations" on Wednesday June 15th, 2016 at 9:00am in 3401 Siebel Center, UIUC.

Research group member Junho Chun will join the School of Architecture at Syracuse University as an Assistant Professor in August 2016.

Research group member Evgueni T. Filipov will join the Civil and Environmental Engineering Department at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor as an Assistant Professor in January 2017.

The zipper coupled tube origami research conducted by Professor Paulino, research group member Evgueni Filipov of the University of Illinois, and Professor Tomohiro Tachi of the University of Tokyo received the annual Cozzarelli Prize, "which recognizes recently published PNAS papers of outstanding scientific excellence and originality." Details and news releases. Photos.

Professor Paulino delivered a Keynote Lecture at MCD2016 (the 8th Rilem International Conference on Mechanisms of Cracking and Debonding in Pavements). The conference wasl be held in Nantes, France on June 7-9, 2016.

Professor Paulino delivered a Lecture at the John A. Blume Distinguished Lecture Series at Stanford University in the Spring of 2016.

Professor Paulino joined three others newly elected to the Society of Engineering Science (SES) Board of Directors on December 7, 2015. An article from Georgia Tech's school of Civil and Enviromental Engineering details his new role.

The zipper coupled tube origami research conducted by Professor Paulino, research group member Evgueni Filipov of the University of Illinois, and Professor Tomohiro Tachi of the University of Tokyo was featured in the Georgia Tech Research Horizons magazine as part of Issue 3, 2015. Download the pdf.

The zipper coupled tube origami research conducted by Professor Paulino, research group member Evgueni Filipov of the University of Illinois, and Professor Tomohiro Tachi of the University of Tokyo was featured in the ASCE's Civil Engineering magazine as part of the November 2015 issue. Download the pdf.

Professor Paulino was recognized with the Research Innovation Award at the annual awards reception held by Georgia Tech's School of Civil and Environmental Engineering. The event was held at the Georgia Tech campus on November 23, 2015.

Professor Paulino delivered a Plenary Lecture at the CILAMCE (Ibero-Latin American Congress on Computational Methods in Engineering) conference. The event was held at the Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, November 22-25, 2015.

Professor Paulino delivered a Plenary Lecture in the POEMs (Polytopal Element Methods in Mathematics and Engineering) workshop. The event was held at the Georgia Tech campus, October 26-28, 2015.

Professor Glaucio H. Paulino and Maryam Eidini of the University of Illinois use Origami (the art of paper folding) and Kirigami (the art of paper cutting) to expand the Miura-ori pattern's design space while preserving its remarkable properties. The work was published in the Science Advances on September 18, 2015. Details ...

Professor Glaucio H. Paulino, research group member Evgueni Filipov of the University of Illinois, and Professor Tomohiro Tachi of the University of Tokyo developed a unique method of coupling tubes derived from the Miura-ori pattern. Their zipper coupled tubes have a single flexible motion for deployment, but are substantially stiffer for all other deformations such as bending and twisting. The work was published in the PNAS Early Edition on September 8, 2015. Details and press releases...

Professor Paulino was elected to the Engineering Mechanics Institute (EMI) Board of Governors in September 2015.

Research group member, Junho Chun received a 2015 CERRA Student Recognition Award at the 12th International Conference of Applications of Statistics and Probability in Civil Engineering (ICASP12), which was held from July 12 to 15, 2015 in Vancouver, Canada.

Professor Paulino was nominated and selected as the chair of the Large Scale Structural Systems and Optimal Design Technical Thrust Area (TTA) formed by U.S. Association for Computational Mechanics (USACM) for the period 2015-2017. The TTAs aim to invigorate activities in the adopted areas and reflect current research trends and priorities in the national and international computational engineering and sciences landscape。

Professor Paulino delivered a Plenary Lecture in EMI 2015 (2015 edition of the  Engineering Mechanics Institute Conference). The conference was held in Stanford University, June 16-19, 2015.

Research group member Tam Nguyen successfully defended his PhD Dissertation titled "System Reliability-based Design and Topology Optimization" on July 16, 2010. He has taken postdoctoral researcher position at Northeastern University.